The Aurora is, let’s face it, just plain weird. It only occurs in the far north or south, and looks like someone hung enormous translucent green curtains in the upper atmosphere. They curl and wave back and forth in an astral breeze, split and rejoin in bands and waves and swirls. The phenomenon is caused my our sun. Our local star, when its feeling energetic, ejects flares and plumes of plasma in what are called “Coronal Mass Ejections” when one of these escapes the sun’s gravity and gets hurtled out in our direction, watch out, because the aurora on is on its way. Those charged particles race toward earth, as they draw close they are pulled to the north and south by our planet’s magnetic field. When they hit, they interact with gases in our upper atmosphere and burst to light. Sometimes it lasts hours, or even days, other times, just a few moments. When the lights are hopping, it a scene not to be missed.
For the past few years, aurora observers have often been disappointed; the sun hasn’t been very active. Fortunately for photographers and astral observers alike, that is about to change. Solar activity is on the rise and the long-term forecast indicates the winters of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 will be the peak of solar activity for at least another 10 to 15 years.
In other words, now is the time to bundle up, head north, and go outside with your camera. Here are five steps for making images of the aurora and the winter world at night.
1. Get a tripod.
I’m constantly amazed at how many photographers don’t own one, or if they do, don’t use it. Using a tripod forces you to slow down, think, compose carefully. You can’t just point and shoot. Of course, you also get sharper images. Bottom line — you NEED a tripod for night work, because the exposures are so long that it’s absolutely impossible to go handheld. If you don’t have one, get one. A cheapie from your local discount store will work, but I suggest investing some money in a good set of legs and a good head — it will save you hours of frustration and buyer’s remorse.
2. Determine exposure.
It’s likely in night work that your camera will get very confused and will be unable to choose the appropriate f-stop or shutter speed. So you’ll need to use the camera’s manual setting. (For those who use auto-everything, this is a good opportunity to throw away the crutches and learn about exposure.)
Next, select an appropriate ISO — if you have a top-of-the-line camera with very low noise, you’ll be able to use a fairly high ISO setting, like 800 or even higher. If, however, you shoot with a lower-grade DSLR, or advanced point and shoot, you’ll need to start lower. Try 200 or 400. Finally, select a shutter speed. This will depend on your ISO and how fast your lens is. I suggest starting off around 15 seconds, then reviewing your image on the LCD and adjusting up or down as necessary. (A word of warning: On a dark night when the only light is your camera LCD, your image will appear brighter than it will on your computer.)
3. Focus.
When I first began making images at night, this was my Achilles’ heel. Focusing at night is tricky. Even the best cameras won’t be able to focus in the dark, so shift your lens to manual focus and set it like this:
The left edge of the infinity line is the best place to start; small adjustments can then be made by reviewing the LCD after the first few images. If your foreground elements are placed sufficiently back in the frame everything should be sharp, from the trees and hills to the stars and aurora.
4. Use a fast lens.
Go wide. Go fast. A good wide-angle allows you to show as much of the sky and foreground as you wish. A zoom will provide for some latitude in your composition. A fast lens like an f2.8 or better will permit shorter shutter speeds, which means less trailing in the stars, less wind-motion in the trees, and better definition of the curves and pillars of the aurora. Slower lenses will work but it might be necessary to use higher ISOs (and thus create more noise) or longer exposures (leading to unwanted trailing in the stars or blurring of the aurora).
5. Compose carefully.
Compose as though it were a landscape image. Your subject is the sky, but the other elements in the frame are just as important. An image of just the aurora and a few stars might have some interesting color but will lack a sense of place or depth. A poorly composed foreground will be a distraction. Select a tree, mountain, person, tent, or whatever, and then compose carefully.
Remember what Dave said about auroral activity…it will peak in 2013-2014. This means less activity after that time and less possibility for you to see it if you come in those years. Whether you want to see the lights in Alaska, Norway, Greenland, or Nunavut, it’s time.
Now put you newly learned skills to the test on a Alaskan Northern Lights tour
David Shaw is freelance writer, photographer, biologist, and guide living in Fairbanks, Alaska. He is most happy when paddling Alaska’s wilderness rivers in the summer, or wandering tropical rain forests with his binoculars during the northern winter. Visit his website and read his blog here: www.wildimagephoto.com and follow him on Facebook.
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Stayed tuned for more Alaska travel tips and tours or see more about Alaska’s wildlife.
“Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you did not do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines, sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover …”
-Mark Twain
Awesome shots and great advice
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Thanks (from Dave too!)
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Oh, yeah. Haven’t seen that in a while. Thanks…now the wife wants to leave Costa Rica in February and go to Alaska. I will never chainsaw through ice again to have water…ever…promised myself. It’s going to be a “discussion” after our looking at your shots of the electric field doing its thing.
Later…
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Come in March! Though this February has been very mild. BTW- we have taps with running water, you don’t have to use chainsaws anymore except maybe to fish…
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If that cabin I lived in is still standing, I doubt if it has plumbing yet, or ever will. Outhouses in the winter…
Later…
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Where was it? We have the highest per capita outhouse ratio in north America. Hmmm, not sure that’s a bragging right.
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Sinona Creek…population 3, at mile 34.6 on the Tok cut-off. I sure loved the solitude that inconvenience brings.
Later…
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I hear you. I am stuck closer to town but to most it is the boonies. The Tok cut-off is one fine stretch of landscape.
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Beautiful! Thanks for the tips. I’m going to try those out.
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Thanks for the wonderful post. Brilliant shots!
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Check out David’s website for more (link in post). Thanks!
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Absolutely Fabulous!!! 🙂
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Thanks so much. Dave is an excellent photographer and guide.
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The aurora is so beautiful and makes me think of my daughter…emeralds, energy, breeze, light. Thanks to you and Dave from one mom! (will check out David’s website).
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Thanks, Brook. Always nice to hear from you.
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Thanks for posting. I hope some day to see the Northern Lights and make a stab at photographing them. These are gorgeous photos. I’ll check out Dave’s website.
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I think with Dave’s tips the photos will work out. Now we just need to get you up here before the end of 2014!
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Excellent advice and stunning photos!
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Thank you.
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Thanks. We’ll be back with more.
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Excellent pics! Thanks!
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The Aurora is on my list. I’ve never seen it.
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Now’s the time! When they say 2013-2014 is going to be elevated solar storms, they mean it. Remember what Mark Twain said.
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I will have to keep that in mind in planning our travels. MTM has seen it, growing up in Wisconsin.
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Cool. No offense but I am pretty sure seeing the northern lights in Wisconsin and saying “been there done that” is akin to going to a Mardis Gras party at the local pub and saying don’t need to go to New Orleans for Mardis Gras ;>)
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Probably so.
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In jest of course.
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Lived in Alaska. The auroras necer stopped amazing!
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Agreed. Did you live in the Interior?
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Wonderful shots!
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I have ALWAYS wanted to see and photograph the northern lights. It is one of the many things on my bucket list. Great post, thanks.
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Just a reminder that 2013-2014 will be the best years this decade for activity….go with probability, it’s nerdy but it works.
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Thanks for the great information once again Mike. You’re really helping me to plan my trip to Alaska. I think I definitely need to give myself a kick up the backside and get over there in 2014.
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Self kicking is good! Rise up!
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Great tips!Thanks I’m slowly learning about this until I finally go to see the lights!
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You saw that is it is time to come up, right? They have been really active. March should be fabulous.
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I know but I can’t now! Somebody suggested to go in summer but I was wondering whether I can see them since the day is so long!
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That’s a choice you have to make! I was just writing about that in a new post offering a tour here in Spring. To do both you either have to stay here for a good part of the year or come twice. I recommend coming in March this or next year. We will always have 24 hour day summers but the intensity of lights is not always the same. Just something to ponder. As Dave said in the post, in recent years the lights have been “disappointing” for photogs and viewers. Not in 2013 and surely not in 2014. Enough about that. Are you considering coming in the next few years anyway?
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That’s very good to know! Yes I was planning to come but unfortunately due to 2 deaths in my family I have to postpone that. But your info is very helpful because I don’t know that much and I want to be ready when the time comes!
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I am sorry about your family members. Please let me know if I can be of any help. Take care.
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Thank you very much! Have a nice evening!
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Good advice. I had an aurora post last month: http://steveboer.wordpress.com/2013/01/06/northern-lights/ and have a widget from aurorawatch.ca which sends me an email if it predicts that there will be aurora (at least in northern Alberta) in the next few hours. So far it’s been pretty reliable, but there hasn’t been much activity the last couple months.
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We have a network of warnings too as the University here has one of the most well funded aurora projects. It’s funny because it seems like not so long ago there was nothing and it was all left to rumor, chance, luck when yo would catch a good show. Now we have daily forecasts just like the weather. We have had kickin lights the last week, in fact these photos are from Wednesday night. Cheers!
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Nice, I guess it makes a big difference being that much farther north, we haven’t seen anything for weeks here. Hopefully soon…
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What is your latitude?
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It’s about 53.5
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Yeah I would imagine there needs to be a large injection into the atmosphere to push them that far. How often do you see them there?
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Well, I’ve only been really paying attention to it since the fall, but we’ve only had a handful of good nights since October.
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So it’s been common to see them historically though? This year they have been pushed incredibly far south
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Oh yes, just some years more than others it seems. Also it’s often not until very late at night, so it’s easy to miss them when you have a regular schedule.
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The Northern Lights is something I’ve always wanted to see!! They’re such a beautiful phenomenon.
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Thanks. I am lucky to live with them.
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Great advice! I enjoy your blog–thanks for stopping by mine.
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Thanks. Dave is a heck of a photographer.
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Brilliant post!!! I need to put all my other travel plans in the back burner and head out to see the Northern Lights first then.
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Yes, now is the time. Cheers!
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My dad recently saw the northern lights in Norway. He said he was a little “underwhelmed” as what he saw in the sky looked like a grey cloud. However it appeared more green in a photograph. Is this often the case? Is there a reason for this? Thanks for a great post!
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Hello, The display he saw was certainly weak if it appeared like a grey cloud. Those displays will appear more green in photos due to exposure time allowing more light to build up in the photos. If you look at this one http://wp.me/p2qivy-6c you can see how vivid the green is. This was strong display and required less exposure time. Make sense?
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Yes great thanks! I suppose it’s like the colors appearing more intense when you take a picture of a sunset.
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This is something worth chasing and photographing! You seem to know a lot about photography, maybe you can teach me a thing or two. I love the Mark Twain quote at the end!
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That quote is in About me too. Its my inspiration. On photography- that’s David’s expertise, not mine. I spend my spare time with my guitar and binoculars!
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Mr. Twain was a very wise man, as a quote lover, many of his sayings are my favorite! Guitar? Have you heard of Armik? Brilliant with the guitar!
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I have not heard of Armik. I’d like too. I can play some his music when I do my radio show. I’ll check him out. Thanks
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He is brilliant, I love his “Tango flamenco” and “Barcelona sunsets”.
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En el sur de mi país es común ver las preciosas Auroras Boreales, todo un milagro de la naturaleza.
Hermosa jornada
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Que bueno. Y has vistolas alla?
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Beautiful! Thank you for the tips 🙂
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Thanks for the tips and for stopping by my blog! The Northern Lights are on my “To See and Capture” list- now I’ll have a better idea of how to make that happen. Hope to see you again soon in my corner of cyberspace! -Christine
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Good luck with the shooting!
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Reblogged this on Astronomy and Law and commented:
I hope to photograph both the Northern and Southern lights one day.
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Thanks. I hope you are able to do that to. I want to go sea giant albatross in the south. Have you filmed the lights in either place yet?
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Looks surreal, like something out of a sci-fi movie, yet beautiful at the same time!
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It really is surreal.
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I’ll bare all of this in mind because one day I hope to photograph the Northern Lights! Thanks for the tips 🙂
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They were out last night. It’s the time of year….
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Great tips. The best one I ever saw was camped on Thompson Pass with a zero degree night. I woke up and went out into a curtain surrounding me. Only time I actually heard them. Saw an awesome display in Connecticut of all places back in ’03. The solar maximum is here!
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Reblogged this on Something to Ponder About and commented:
Great advice for beginners here.. and fantastic photography
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Thank you.
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GREAT TIPS!
Thank you for visiting my blog today. I appreciate the time you took to stop by. May your day be filled with joy and peace.
BE ENCOURAGED! BE BLESSED!
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Thank you. Hows life in France?
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I packed the tripod and armed with good advice headed to Lapland last month but no luck as far as bright effects concerned. Still a great holiday though. Your photographs are awesome.
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So the aurora was not strong is what you are saying?
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Sadly Not on the three evenings we were there. Maybe try Alaska next time.
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Oh, I am sorry to hear that. It is very frustrating to travel great distances and not be able to see the natural phenomenon you are seeking. I hope you will be able to experience them some day. Take care
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Pingback: March is the best time for incredible northern lights in Fairbanks, Alaska | ExploreDreamDiscover Talks
Thank you for your kind advice. So useful.
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This is on my to-do list of photo adventures. Great tips.
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Great article. Thorough and to the point. Totally agree every photographer needs a tripod. I do a lot of long exposure shots, so it is a necessity in my kit. I am flying to fairbanks from Alabama tommorow. Does anyone know of a group going shooting this weekend or next week. I would like to meet some local photogs and talk shop as well. Any local photo clubs, etc. Thanks to anyone who can Help. Email me at foxboxphoto@yahoo.com.
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I am so sorry to have just caught this comment. How was your trip?
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Trip had its ups and downs. Rained most of the time but we got lucky in Denali and got some cool shots. They are on my blog.
http://www.foxboxphoto.com
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Your site is a treasure trove! Thanks so much for leading me here with your like today. I hope you visit again. Best, Maggie
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Awe shucks, thank you! See you in the blogosphere!
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